To specify a ligature, specify the names of the pair of characters, followed by the ligature operation as in Metafont , followed by the replacing character name. However, check your mapfiles if you have old afm2pl-generated fonts using these. The default is the encoding specified in the afm file, which had better match the encoding in the fontfile pfa or pfb. The default encoding of the distributed fonts e. Note that ligatures and kerns are hints for the typesetting application; there is no need to download this information to the printer or to make it available to a dvi driver.
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Info Node: ()Afm2tfm options
To use a PostScript font conveniently, you need to prepare a corresponding virtual font; the program Afm2tfm, supplied with Dvips, helps with that. You can also specify the scaling af,2tfm something other than the default 0. With other encodings, you may have to throw out additional kerning pairs. The tfm format has room for only about x ligatures and kerning pairs.
Again, it's best to use the prebuilt fonts rather than attempting to remake them. Instead of simply applying the extra ligkern info see previous sectionthe following is done: The following code uses either the usual glyph or substitutes the letters ss, depending on whether the glyph exists in the current font:.
These definitions will not work with the Computer Modern fonts for the relevant accents. Each character in the font is defined arm2tfm giving the mathematical curves lines, arcs, and splines that define its contours.
afm2tfm(1) - Linux man page
The font f is called a base font. You could also say. Instead of simply applying the extra ligkern info see previous sectionthe following is done:.
In the default case, when you specify none of the -t-por -T options, Afm2tfm uses a default TeX encoding which mostly corresponds to the Computer Modern text fonts and the PostScript encoding found in the AFM file being read. To make a PostScript font available in a TeX document, you need to install the font on your system and then define it within the document. Try a value of e.
The generated mapfile entry see below instructs pdftex or the dvi driver to reencode the font on the fly. The value is either the keyword afm2tfm or a comma-separated list of up to five integers.
Any ligature and kerning information you specify in tex-enc will be used in the VPL, in addition to the ligature and kerning information from the AFM file.
Encoding files are also downloaded to the PostScript interpreter in your printer if you use one of them in place of the default encoding vector for a particular PostScript font.

Changed in version 0. Or if you're curious. Better yet, don't use Courier at all; most TeX distributions offer various good replacements. Any ligature or kern information specified in ps-enc is ignored by Afm2tfm, since ligkern info is always omitted from the raw TFM.
A ligkern specification can have one of the following forms:. There should be no real problem in doing the same afm2tgm OT1 encoding. Below, space is the unencoded character:. In the case of a PostScript font f being used in a straightforward way, the recipe says: Extra ligkern info Most users are well-advised to leave this mess alone and to accept the default behavior.
Or you can copy the relevant enc files to your personal or local texmf tree under their previous non-prefixed names. One line may contain several ligkern specifications, separated by spaces. An encoding file defines the correspondence between the code numbers of the characters in a font afmtfm their descriptive names. Besides the reencodings described in the previous section, Afm2tfm can do other manipulations.
The results of the conversion are affected by the command-line options and especially by the reencodings you can specify with those options. Different sizes of a character are generated by linearly scaling a single shape.
This will eventually wind up in the Dvips output as the equivalent of this PostScript operation:. An example of when you might use this option is a dingbats font: This works just like in Metafont.
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